Why it matters
Cold Water Storage in Healthcare — What Makes it Different
Cold water storage in healthcare premises carries obligations and risks that do not apply to commercial or residential buildings. Patients with respiratory conditions, immunocompromise, advanced age, or post-surgical vulnerability face substantially elevated risk from Legionella. The tolerance for supply interruption is close to zero. And the documentation obligations persist for the life of the building.
Plant room design decisions made at RIBA Stage 2 will determine whether tanks can be inspected, cleaned, and replaced safely over the next 30 years — without interrupting clinical operations. Getting this right from the outset is significantly cheaper than retrofitting access and compartmentalisation in a live hospital.
Required cold water storage temperature (ACOP L8)
Compartments required for cisterns > 1,000 L in healthcare
Minimum monitoring record retention period (ACOP L8)
Minimum GRP tank insulation (BS EN 13280)
Important — HTM 04-01 revision status
HTM 04-01 is currently under revision. Earlier Part A and Part B editions remain in common use. Always verify the current edition with NHS England Estates and Facilities before commencing design work on any project.
Section 1
Regulatory Framework
Healthcare water systems operate within a layered framework. Each instrument is independent — compliance with one does not imply compliance with others. All applicable documents must be applied simultaneously.
|
Instrument
|
Status
|
Key Obligation
|
|---|---|---|
|
HTM 04-01
|
Guidance — expected compliance
|
Primary NHS document: risk assessment, design, commissioning, operation, Water Safety Plans
|
|
ACOP L8
|
Approved Code of Practice — quasi-legal
|
Written risk assessment, written control scheme, Responsible Person, 5-year records; failure to follow is evidence of non-compliance with the HSW Act 1974
|
|
HSG274 Part 2
|
Technical guidance (HSE)
|
Monitoring parameters and control measures for cold and hot water distribution
|
|
Water Fittings Regs 1999 SI 1999/1148
|
Primary legislation
|
Material suitability (Reg 4); backflow protection; advance notice to water undertaker; Category 5 fluid risk requires Type AB air gap
|
|
BS EN 13280:2001
|
British/European Standard
|
GRP cistern construction, insulation (≥ 25 mm), Grade 316 SS internal fasteners
|
|
Building Safety Act 2022
|
Primary legislation
|
Golden thread of information for Higher-Risk Buildings (≥ 18 m / ≥ 7 storeys); digital records for life of building
|
|
CDM 2015 SI 2015/51
|
Primary legislation
|
Health and Safety File; as-installed drawings; confined space assessments at handover
|
|
CQC Regulation 15
|
Legislation (Regulated Activities Regs 2014)
|
Premises fit for purpose; water safety forms part of CQC inspection
|
HTM 04-01 and ACOP L8 — How they work together
ACOP L8 establishes the legal and managerial framework applicable to all building types. HTM 04-01 extends and interprets those requirements specifically for healthcare premises, adding requirements for Water Safety Plans, competence standards, and documentation that go beyond ACOP L8 alone. NHS estates teams must apply both. Neither is sufficient in isolation.
Category 5 Fluid Risk and the Type AB Air Gap
Stored water serving clinical areas — wards, treatment rooms, clinical hygiene facilities — is Category 5 fluid risk under Schedule 1 of the Water Fittings Regulations 1999. This is the highest category and requires a Type AB air gap at the cistern inlet. A Type AB air gap incorporates a raised float valve housing with a screened spillover weir positioned above the maximum stored water level.
Statutory requirement — not discretionary
The AB air gap is a statutory requirement for healthcare cistern installations. A standard Type AG air gap — appropriate for Categories 1 to 4 — does not provide sufficient protection and must not be specified. Any modification to the inlet that compromises the air gap constitutes a breach of the Regulations.
Section 2
Plant Room Design Principles
The plant room determines whether the water system can be safely maintained, inspected, and modified throughout the building’s life. Design decisions made at specification stage cannot easily be corrected once a facility is occupied. Poor plant room design is a leading cause of maintenance failures, Legionella incidents, and documentation gaps in healthcare estates.
Minimum Maintenance Clearances
The following are minimum figures per HTM 04-01 and HBN 04-01. Equipment manufacturers may specify greater clearances — those take precedence.
|
Element
|
Minimum Clearance
|
Reference
|
|---|---|---|
|
Front of tank — operational access
|
1,000 mm
|
HTM 04-01 / HBN 04-01
|
|
Side of tank — maintenance
|
600 mm
|
HTM 04-01
|
|
Above tank — to structural soffit
|
600 mm clear
|
HTM 04-01
|
|
Boiler / calorifier front
|
1,200 mm
|
HBN / Manufacturer
|
|
Panel board front
|
1,000 mm clear
|
BS 7671 / HBN
|
|
Pump set (each side / front)
|
600 mm sides, 1,000 mm front
|
Manufacturer
|
|
Confined space rescue access
|
Clear route to all tank hatches
|
Confined Spaces Regs 1997
|
Environmental Control
Temperature
- Plant rooms housing cold water storage must maintain ambient temperature below 20°C
- Mechanical ventilation required where passive means cannot achieve this
- Ambient temperature monitoring included in written control scheme
Vermin Exclusion
- All penetrations sealed
- Tank vents and overflows require insect-proof terminations with durable mesh screens
- Lid joint integrity inspected at every maintenance visit
- Rodent ingress through degraded lids is a documented contamination source
Drainage
- Adequate floor drainage beneath all tanks and calorifiers
- Leak detection and automatic shut-off for tanks above occupied clinical areas
- Overflow to discharge to a visible location (tundish or trapped drain)
Confined Spaces
- Any tank permitting internal personnel access is a confined space under the Confined Spaces Regulations 1997
- Obligations apply to every entry — including routine visual inspections
- Rescue arrangements must be in place before any person enters
- Procedures documented in O&M manual and Water Safety Plan
Section 3
Cold Water Storage Systems
Sizing Principles
HTM 04-01 requires that storage capacity is determined by a building-specific demand assessment that accounts for all clinical and operational functions the system must serve. It does not endorse generic industry sizing rules or historic occupancy assumptions.
The guidance explicitly identifies excessive water age — arising when storage is disproportionate to actual demand — as a factor that increases microbiological risk. An oversized tank creates stagnation conditions that cannot be fully resolved through maintenance alone.
|
Facility Type
|
Typical Demand Basis
|
Resilience Guidance
|
|---|---|---|
|
Acute hospital (inpatient)
|
45 L/bed/day clinical + 45 L/bed/day domestic
|
4–8 hours; 24 hrs standard NHS practice
|
|
Day surgery / outpatient
|
15–25 L/attendance/day
|
4 hours minimum
|
|
Community health centre
|
Calculated from peak demand
|
2–4 hours typical
|
|
Care home
|
135 L/resident/day total
|
4 hours typical
|
|
Mental health inpatient
|
45 L/bed/day
|
As acute hospital
|
|
Clinical laboratory
|
Variable — welfare + process demand
|
Size to critical function continuity
|
Compartmentalisation
HTM 04-01 and BS EN 806 require cisterns with a capacity greater than 1,000 litres to have compartments or a standby cistern. For acute hospitals and other facilities where continuous supply is essential, a minimum of two compartments is the established standard. This allows one section to be isolated and drained while the other remains in service — supporting the phased cleaning requirements of ACOP L8 and HTM 04-01 without a full facility shutdown.
Why compartmentalisation matters operationally
A single undivided tank cannot be isolated for inspection or cleaning without interrupting supply to clinical areas. In an acute hospital, that coordination may require days of planning and clinical sign-off. Designing it in from the outset removes that operational burden for the life of the building.
Section 4
GRP Cold Water Storage Tanks in Healthcare
Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) tanks are the most widely specified material for healthcare cold water storage. Adoption is driven principally by practical operational considerations — corrosion resistance, modular installation through restricted access routes, lower structural loading, and reduced long-term maintenance burden.
Product Standard
BS EN 13280:2001
Specifies structural design, construction, performance, and testing for GRP cisterns for above-ground cold water storage.
Potable Water Certification
Kiwa REG 4 or WRAS — tested to BS 6920
Regulation 4(1)(a) of the Water Fittings Regulations 1999 requires materials in contact with potable water to be of appropriate quality and standard. Verify certification at time of specification — certificates can lapse.
Insulation
BS EN 13280 — minimum requirement
Minimum 25 mm closed-cell foam with thermal performance < 0.06 W/m²/°C. Pre-insulated panels recommended where plant room ambient temperature cannot be guaranteed.
Internal Fasteners
BS EN 13280
Grade 316 stainless steel throughout. Verify at installation — fastener specification must be confirmed in the equipment schedule and O&M documentation.
Internal Surface
HTM 04-01
Smooth, non-porous, and light-coloured for easy visual inspection. Corrosion-resistant GRP avoids the pitting that can develop in older steel systems and accelerate biofilm accumulation.
Access — Modular Advantage
HTM 04-01 / Confined Spaces Regs 1997
Sectional GRP panels can be transported through standard doorways and assembled in situ. Access hatch ≥ 450 × 450 mm for tanks ≤ 1,000 L; full side-entry hatch and internal/external ladders where tank depth ≥ 1,000 mm.
Kiwa / WRAS certification — key specification obligation
Certification status must be checked at the time of specification, not at the time of a previous project. The certificate number must be recorded on specification documents and in the building O&M manual at handover. If a manufacturer claims Regulation 4 compliance but certification cannot be independently verified, treat the product as unverified until the discrepancy is resolved in writing.
Section 5
Legionella Risk Management in Healthcare
Healthcare premises represent the highest risk category for Legionnaires’ disease. Patients with respiratory conditions, immunocompromise, or advanced age face substantially elevated risk. HTM 04-01 imposes requirements significantly more onerous than ACOP L8 for the general estate.
Growth Conditions
Legionella pneumophila proliferates between approximately 20°C and 45°C, with peak growth at around 37°C. Growth is inhibited below 20°C; bacteria are killed at sustained temperatures above 60°C. Conditions that support growth in stored water include:
|
Risk Area
|
Potential Consequence
|
Primary Mitigation
|
|---|---|---|
|
Low turnover — oversized storage
|
Stagnation and bacterial growth
|
Building-specific demand analysis; correct sizing
|
|
Elevated temperature — heat gain or poor insulation
|
Water temperature above 20°C
|
Thermal insulation; plant room temperature control
|
|
Dead legs (> 2 litres volume)
|
Biofilm development; stagnation
|
Minimise dead legs; include all in flushing regime
|
|
Flexible hose connections
|
Rapid biofilm formation
|
Maximum 500 mm length; minimise instances
|
|
Infrequent outlet use (> 7 days)
|
Stagnation at point of use
|
Weekly flushing regime; minimum 2 minutes
|
|
Degraded lid or screen integrity
|
Vermin or insect contamination
|
Regular inspection; prompt remediation
|
Water Safety Group Governance
HTM 04-01 requires NHS trusts to establish a Water Safety Group (WSG) with defined membership and governance. The WSG must appoint an Authorising Engineer (Water); maintain a Water Safety Plan covering all systems across the estate; approve and review written control schemes; and review all microbiological results, incidents, and near-misses.
Monitoring Frequencies — HTM 04-01 Minimum
DAILY
Hot water storage temperature log
All calorifiers
weekly
Flush outlets unused ≥ 7 days (minimum 2 minutes)
All infrequently used outlets
monthly
Cold and hot water temperatures at sentinel outlets
All sentinel points; visual tank inspection
quarterly
Microbiological sampling — high-risk clinical areas
ICU, oncology, transplant, neonatal
6-MONTHLY
Microbiological sampling — general estate
Representative cross-section
annually
Tank clean and disinfection; TMV service; full sentinel temperature survey
All tanks, TMVs, and sentinel outlets
2-Yearly
Full Legionella risk assessment review
Authorising Engineer (Water)
Section 6
Hot Water Systems and Thermostatic Mixing Valves
Hot water systems must prevent Legionella colonisation through temperature control while meeting scald prevention requirements, particularly where vulnerable patients access outlets directly.
|
Point
|
Required Temperature
|
Reference
|
|---|---|---|
|
Storage (calorifier)
|
≥ 60°C throughout
|
ACOP L8 / HTM 04-01
|
|
Distribution — flow (sentinel point)
|
≥ 55°C
|
ACOP L8 / HTM 04-01
|
|
Distribution — return
|
≥ 50°C
|
ACOP L8 / HTM 04-01
|
|
Sentinel outlets (general) — within 1 minute
|
≥ 50°C
|
ACOP L8
|
|
Patient outlets — TMV2 (washbasin taps)
|
41°C ± 2°C
|
HTM 04-01
|
|
Patient showers / baths — TMV3
|
Max 41°C
|
HTM 04-01 / NICE
|
HTM 04-01 requires TMVs at all patient-accessible outlets. TMV3 performance is required for showers and baths; TMV2 is acceptable for washbasin taps. Each TMV must be individually identified on the schematic and in the written control scheme. Dead legs downstream of TMVs are a significant Legionella risk and must be included in flushing regimes.
Scald risk in dementia care, mental health, and paediatric settings
Specify locked thermostatic controls, insulated accessible pipework, and reduced maximum TMV temperature settings with clinical governance sign-off. Patients may be unable to respond to contact with hot surfaces.
Section 7
Commissioning, Documentation and the Golden Thread
HTM 04-01 requires systems to be commissioned to a defined protocol before any clinical area is handed over for use. Pre-commissioning disinfection is mandatory for all new or significantly altered water systems.
Chemical Disinfection
- Free chlorine at 50 mg/L for 1 hour; or 1 mg/L for 24 hours
- Confirmed by test at sentinel points
- Certificate must state: date, method, agent, concentration, contact time, and results
Thermal Disinfection
- 70°C minimum at all outlets for not less than 1 minute
- Documented individually for each outlet
- Post-disinfection microbiological verification before handover
- Note: CPVC is not suitable for thermal disinfection above 70°C
The Golden Thread — Building Safety Act 2022
For healthcare buildings within scope of the Act (18 metres or 7 storeys or more in England), all water system documentation forms part of the golden thread of information. The Accountable Person must maintain this in a secure digital system, updated promptly whenever changes are made. The Building Safety Regulator may request access at any time. All subsequent alterations to water systems must be reflected in the digital record promptly.
Record Retention Periods
|
Record Type
|
Minimum Retention Period
|
|---|---|
|
Temperature monitoring logs
|
5 years
|
|
Microbiological results
|
5 years
|
|
Tank inspection and cleaning records
|
5 years
|
|
Disinfection certificates
|
5 years
|
|
TMV service records
|
5 years
|
|
Legionella risk assessments
|
Lifetime of system — all versions
|
|
Written control scheme
|
Lifetime of system — all versions
|
|
HRB golden thread records (BSA 2022)
|
Life of building — kept current
|
Section 8
Maintenance and Monitoring Schedule
Effective maintenance requires a structured programme aligned to the written control scheme, with records kept in sufficient detail to demonstrate compliance to CQC, HTM 04-01 auditors, the Building Safety Regulator, and courts of law if required.
|
Frequency
|
Task
|
Responsible
|
|---|---|---|
|
Daily
|
Hot water storage temperature log
|
Estates / FM
|
|
Weekly
|
Flush outlets unused ≥ 7 days (min 2 minutes)
|
Estates / FM
|
|
Monthly
|
Cold and hot water sentinel outlet temperatures; visual tank inspection
|
Competent person
|
|
Quarterly
|
Microbiological sampling — high-risk clinical areas
|
Accredited laboratory
|
|
6-Monthly
|
Microbiological sampling — general estate
|
Accredited laboratory
|
|
Annually
|
Tank clean and disinfection; TMV service; full temperature survey; written scheme review
|
Specialist contractor / Responsible Person
|
|
Every 2 years
|
Full Legionella risk assessment review
|
Authorising Engineer (Water)
|
Section 9
Specification by Facility Type
The principles governing cold water storage specification apply across all healthcare settings. However, the operational context differs considerably. A storage arrangement appropriate for a 500-bed acute hospital is not appropriate for a care home, and vice versa.
Very high vulnerability
Acute Hospitals
Most demanding environment. Continuous 24/7 operation; demand from inpatient wards, ITU, theatres, sterile services, catering, and laboratories simultaneously. Maintenance windows are very limited — coordination with infection prevention teams and clinical operations is mandatory.
- Minimum two compartments; each must sustain operations during maintenance on the other
- Typical storage: 50,000–200,000+ litres — sized to actual demand, not precautionary oversizing
- Tank design must support phased maintenance without interrupting building supply
- Shutdown coordination may require days of planning in a live acute setting
- Larger facilities typically have dedicated NHS estates teams with water hygiene expertise
Primary guidance: HTM 04-01 Part A; ACOP L8; HSG274 Part 2; BS EN 13280
Ligature risk consideration
Mental Health Facilities
NHS guidance (HBN 03-01) requires patient-accessible areas to minimise ligature risk — features to which a patient could attach a cord or ligature. This affects pipework positioning, access hatches, valve arrangements, and plant room entry points near patient areas.
- Review all water infrastructure components within or accessible from patient areas against ligature risk requirements
- Plant rooms adjacent to secure or detained patient areas: maintenance must not require passing through clinical areas unaccompanied
- Demand patterns broadly residential — more predictable than acute hospitals
- Maintenance windows greater than acute hospitals, but full isolation of supply to occupied wards requires clinical oversight
Primary guidance: HTM 04-01; ACOP L8; HSG274 Part 2; HBN 03-01
Very high vulnerability
Care Homes
Care home residents are among the highest-risk groups for Legionella-related illness. The majority are elderly, many with conditions that significantly increase susceptibility. The consequences of a Legionella event in a care home have been demonstrated in documented outbreaks to be severe.
- Water hygiene management should be treated with the same rigour as acute hospitals
- Oversizing risk is significant — storage sized for peak demand may achieve inadequate turnover in a small building with stable occupancy
- Scalding risk: TMVs at point of use are mandatory; residents with dementia may be unable to react to hot water
- Maintenance often outsourced — documentation must be accessible to operatives without specialist background
- Typical storage: 2,000–15,000 litres
Primary guidance: ACOP L8; HSG274 Part 2; CQC fundamental standards; HTM 04-01 principles
Moderate to high vulnerability
Community Hospitals and Intermediate Care
Community hospitals occupy a middle ground between acute hospital complexity and care home simplicity. Inpatient wards operate continuously; day-case and outpatient departments operate during standard working hours, creating demand variability that increases stagnation risk overnight and at weekends.
- A storage system sized for peak day-case activity may create stagnation conditions overnight and at weekends
- Two compartments still advisable for inpatient facilities
- Often managed under outsourced FM — Water Safety Plans and maintenance documentation must be accessible to operatives who may not have a background in healthcare water engineering
- Typical storage: 5,000–30,000 litres
Primary guidance: HTM 04-01; ACOP L8; HSG274 Part 2
Process water dependency
Clinical Laboratories
NHS clinical laboratories have specific water infrastructure characteristics that differ from standard ward environments. Many operate on a continuous or near-continuous basis. The potable cold water supply is the feedstock for downstream purified water systems — any degradation in potable water quality can affect analytical processes and, in clinical diagnostic settings, test results.
- Demand includes process uses (autoclaves, glasswashers, equipment cooling, eyewash) creating demand spikes distinct from domestic consumption
- Many laboratory functions cannot be suspended without affecting diagnostic services supporting patient care elsewhere
- Storage sizing and compartmentalisation must reflect this critical function dependency
- Environmental monitoring requirements may include microbiological sampling of water used in laboratory processes
Primary guidance: HTM 04-01; ACOP L8; HSG274 Part 2; ISO 15189
Section 10
Case Study
Case Study — GRP Sectional Tank Replacement
University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock
NHS Ayrshire & Arran district general hospital. 645 inpatient beds + 51-bed dedicated maternity unit including neonatal ICU and paediatric services. Built 1978; continuously occupied — one of the more demanding environments for water storage infrastructure replacement.
TANK TYPE
GRP sectional
TANK TYPE
12 m × 9 m × 2 m per tank
TANK TYPE
216,000 litres
TANK TYPE
SHTM 04-01; WRAS
TANK TYPE
2 weeks
TANK TYPE
None
The project required zero supply interruption — clinical activity, catering, infection prevention, and neonatal services were all dependent on uninterrupted water availability. A pre-installation foundation audit identified that the existing base required modification before it could support the new tanks, introducing a structural works element that had to be completed within the programme.
Sectional GRP panels were transported to the tank location and assembled in situ, avoiding large-scale crane lifts or structural opening works that would have caused greater site disruption. The foundation modifications were incorporated into the programme without extending the overall timeline. Installation was completed within two weeks with no disruption to supply.
This project illustrates why compartmentalised or phased replacement strategies are standard practice in acute healthcare environments rather than a preference — and why pre-installation structural assessment is an essential early step in refurbishment projects.
Section 11
Design Stage Checklist
This checklist summarises key requirements for cold water storage design in healthcare premises. It does not replace full compliance review against the referenced standards.
Demand assessment completed
Storage volume calculated from site-specific demand, not generic rules (HTM 04-01).
Dual compartment arrangement specified
For vessels > 1,000 litres; two-tank arrangement with crossover manifold and isolation valves.
GRP tank to BS EN 13280 with Kiwa REG 4 or WRAS certification
Serial numbers to be recorded at installation; certification verified at time of specification.
Insulation ≥ 25 mm; thermal performance < 0.06 W/m²/°C
Pre-insulated panels where ambient temperature is not guaranteed (BS EN 13280).
Plant room ambient temperature control specified
Target ≤ 20°C; mechanical ventilation where passive means insufficient.
Maintenance clearances confirmed
To HBN 04-01 minimums and manufacturer requirements.
Dead legs minimised
Maximum dead leg volume 2 litres; all shown on schematic and in flushing regime (HTM 04-01).
TMVs specified
TMV3 for patient showers and baths; TMV2 for washbasin taps; all individually identified in written control scheme.
Sentinel outlets identified on system schematic
Including farthest outlet on each branch, nearest outlet, and any outlet in a high-risk clinical area.
Type AB air gap specified at cistern inlet
Statutory requirement for Category 5 fluid risk applications — not discretionary (Water Fittings Regs 1999).
Confined space assessment prepared
Where tank depth ≥ 1,000 mm; rescue arrangements specified; to be incorporated into O&M manual.
Advance notice submitted to water undertaker
Required before work begins (Water Fittings Regs 1999).
Golden thread provision confirmed for HRBs
For buildings ≥ 18 m / ≥ 7 storeys: digital documentation system specified and handed to Accountable Person at completion (BSA 2022).
Frequently asked questions
What is NHS water resilience planning?
NHS water resilience planning refers to the design, specification, commissioning, and maintenance of water systems to ensure continuous, safe supply in healthcare environments. It prioritises infection control, redundancy, and regulatory compliance — particularly in relation to Legionella prevention, HTM 04-01, and ACOP L8.
Why is water resilience critical in healthcare facilities?
Healthcare environments require near-zero tolerance for water supply interruption due to:
- Continuous clinical operations (wards, theatres, ICU)
- High-risk patient groups (immunocompromised, elderly)
- Infection prevention requirements
Failure in water systems can directly impact patient safety, compliance, and operational continuity.
What makes cold water storage in healthcare different from commercial buildings?
Healthcare water systems differ due to:
- Higher Legionella risk exposure
- Strict monitoring and documentation requirements
- Continuous usage patterns
- Requirement for uninterrupted supply
- Long-term asset management obligations (golden thread)
These systems must be designed for inspection, access, and staged maintenance without service disruption.
What regulations govern NHS water systems?
Key regulations and standards include:
- HTM 04-01 (healthcare-specific guidance)
- ACOP L8 (legal framework for Legionella control)
- HSG274 Part 2 (technical guidance)
- Water Fittings Regulations 1999 (legal compliance)
- BS EN 13280 (GRP tank standards)
- Building Safety Act 2022 (golden thread requirements)
All must be applied together — compliance with one does not guarantee compliance with others.
What is HTM 04-01 and how does it apply?
HTM 04-01 is the primary NHS guidance for water safety. It covers:
- Risk assessment
- System design and sizing
- Commissioning and operation
- Water Safety Plans (WSPs)
It builds on ACOP L8 but introduces healthcare-specific requirements such as governance structures and enhanced monitoring.
What is a Category 5 fluid risk in healthcare?
Category 5 is the highest risk classification under the Water Fittings Regulations.
In healthcare, stored water serving clinical areas is classified as Category 5, requiring:
- Type AB air gap protection
- Strict separation from mains supply
This is a statutory requirement, not optional.
What is the “golden thread” in healthcare water systems?
Under the Building Safety Act 2022, the golden thread refers to:
- Digital records of design, installation, and maintenance
- Updated documentation for the entire life of the building
- Accessible information for regulators and duty holders
This applies to higher-risk buildings (≥18m or ≥7 storeys).
Why is tank compartmentalisation required in healthcare?
Compartments allow:
- Isolation of one section for cleaning
- Continued operation from the second section
- Compliance with HTM 04-01 and ACOP L8 cleaning requirements
Typically:
- Tanks >1,000 litres require at least two compartments
CONTENTS
Free Download
GRP Sectional Cold Water Storage Tanks in Healthcare Infrastructure
Download now to ensure your next healthcare project delivers safe, resilient, and fully compliant water infrastructure.
